Consumption of rice is a major pathway of cadmium (Cd) exposure to humans with Cd bioavailability from rice being an important determinant of the potential health risk. Rice contaminated with Cd will undergo a digestion process in the stomach and then accumulate in human body along with blood circulation, causing toxicity to human body. As a result, the accumulation of heavy metals including Cd in human body caused by the intake of rice have attracted widespread research attention.
Prof. ZHUANG Ping at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and South China Botanical Garden evaluated the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of cadmium in contaminated rice. The study conducted both in vitro bioaccessibility (using four methods) and in vivo bioavailability (using a mouse model) of Cd from six rices. The relative bioavailability (RBA) for Cd ranged from 15 to 56%, 18 to 56% and 3.71 to 54% based on kidney, liver and femur, respectively, which was negatively correlated with total Cd concentration in contaminated rice (r2 = 0.74–0.94). Results of cadmium bioaccessibility in rice varied among different assays. When the relationship between the in vitro and in vivo data was assessed, all the correlations between the four in vitro methods and the mouse assay based on the liver or kidney were generally weak (r2 = 0.0006–0.52). Results of in vitro digestion models varied drastically among the different methods, suggesting that there were limitations for the in vitro methods to predict Cd relative bioavailability in contaminated rice. Together with the observation of poor correlations between the in vivo and in vitro results, it is strongly suggested that further exploration and more optimization of in vitro methods are required for use in human health risk assessment.
The study is published in Science of the Total Environment entitled “Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of cadmium in contaminated rice by in vivo and in vitro bioassays”. National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), NSF of Guangdong Provice, and Guangzhou Science and Technology Research Projects supported the study.
